Parts of the text

One of the most important things in literature is the theme, topic and main idea. Maybe you don't know the real differences between this three words, so I'll define them very briefly. 

• Theme is the wide idea of what's being written. For example, love, happiness, sadness, etc.
• Topic means the particular idea of the text. For example, Holden's alienation from the grown-ups.
• Main idea is similar to the topic, but it's found literally in the texts, in many cases.

Also, the author's purpose is very important. The three principal purposes are:

• To inform
• To persuade
• To entertain

The genre of the text is also one of the most important parts of the texts. Viewing the "macro" way, the two genres are:

• Non Fictional: such as news, biographies, essays, etc.
• Fictional: novels, stories, fables, dramas, etc.

The important things to consider when analyzing a text are:

Remember that the cultural context is the most important factor that affects in the text. If you know the cultural context, you can find easily the purpose, target audience and many others.

• -The source
• Vocabulary, Register
• Target audience
• Tone